Clear PageCache only
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
Clear dentries and inodes
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
Clear PageCache, dentries and inodes
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
Seperate Private Key and Certificate file
#Generate certificates bundle file
openssl pkcs12 -nokeys -in server-cert-key-bundle.p12 -out server-ca-cert-bundle.pem
#Generate server key file.
openssl pkcs12 -nocerts -nodes -in server-cert-key-bundle.p12 -out server.key
Convert a PKCS#12 file (.pfx .p12) containing a private key and certificates to PEM
openssl pkcs12 -in keyStore.pfx -out keyStore.pem -nodes
Create a .pfx/.p12 certificate file using OpenSSL
openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pfx -inkey privateKey.key -in certificate.crt
Src: https://www.sslshopper.com/article-most-common-openssl-commands.html
UPDATE THE SYSTEM
Before going any further, make sure you’re in a screen session and your system is fully up-to-date by running:
## screen -U -S opendkim-screen ## yum update
ENABLE EPEL REPOSITORY
OpenDKIM is available in the EPEL repository, so we need to enable it on the system before we can install OpenDKIM
## wget -P /tmp http://mirror.pnl.gov/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm ## rpm -Uvh /tmp/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm ## rm -f /tmp/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
INSTALL OPENDKIM
Install the package using yum:
## yum install opendkim
CONFIGURE OPENDKIM
Next thing to do is to configure OpenDKIM. Its main configuration file is located in /etc/opendkim.conf, so before making any changes create a backup and add/edit the following: Continue reading “Install and integrate DKIM with OpenDKIM and Postfix on a CentOS 6” »
map_hash_bucket_size 128;
map $http_host $backend_servers {
hostnames;
default www.example.com;
frontend.example2.com backend.example2.com
frontend.example3.com backend.example3.com
www.example.org backend.example.org
}
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://$backend_servers
}
}
Configure Yum Repository
First of all, you need to enable Remi and EPEL yum repositories on your system. Use the following command to install EPEL repository on your CentOS and Red Hat 7/6 systems
Use this command to install epel-release yum repository
yum install epel-release
and now execute one of the following commands as per your operating system version to install Remi repository.
rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
Install PHP 7 on CentOS 6
Your system is prepared for the PHP installation from yum repositories. Use one of the following commands to install PHP 7.3 or PHP 7.2 or PHP 7.1 on your system based on your requirements.
## Install PHP 7.3 yum --enablerepo=remi-php73 install php
## Install PHP 7.2 yum --enablerepo=remi-php72 install php
## Install PHP 7.1 yum --enablerepo=remi-php71 install php
I have installed the latest version PHP 7.3 on my system. Now running the following command to check current active PHP version on my system. Continue reading “Install PHP 7.3, 7.2, 7.1 on CentOS/RHEL 6.10” »
Step One— Create a New Directory
The first step in creating a virtual host is to a create a directory where we will keep the new website’s information.
This location will be your Document Root in the Apache virtual configuration file later on. By adding a -p to the line of code, the command automatically generates all the parents for the new directory.
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/public_html
You will need to designate an actual DNS approved domain, or an IP address, to test that a virtual host is working. In this tutorial we will use example.com as a placeholder for a correct domain name.
However, should you want to use an unapproved domain name to test the process you will find information on how to make it work on your local computer in Step Six.
Step Two—Grant Permissions
We need to grant ownership of the directory to the user, instead of just keeping it on the root system.
sudo chown -R apache:apache /var/www/example.com/public_html
Additionally, it is important to make sure that everyone will be able to read our new files.
sudo chmod 755 /var/www
Now you are all done with permissions. Continue reading “Apache Virtual Hosts on CentOS” »
You can use the following commands. SSH or login into your nfs server and type the following command:
netstat -an | grep nfs.server.ip:port
If your nfs server IP address 192.168.1.12 and port is 2049, enter:
netstat -an | grep 192.168.1.12:2049
Sample outputs:
tcp 0 0 192.168.1.12:2049 192.168.1.5:757 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 192.168.1.12:2049 192.168.1.6:892 ESTABLISHED
Where,
192.168.1.12 – NFS serer IP address
2049 – NFS server port
192.168.1.5 and 192.168.1.6 – NFS clients IP address Continue reading “Find Out NFS Clients Connected To My NFS Server” »
Plex is a streaming media server that lets you organize your video, music, and photo collections and stream them to all of your devices at any time and from anywhere.
Although this tutorial is written for Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver the same steps can be used for Debian and Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus.
Prerequisites
You’ll need to be logged in as a user with sudo access to be able to install packages on your Ubuntu system.
Install Plex Media Server
The easiest way to install and manage Plex Media Server on Ubuntu 18.04 is by using the Plex official repository. It requires no technical knowledge and it should not take you more than 20 minutes to install and configure the media server.
Follow the steps below to install the Plex Media Server on your Ubuntu system:
Start by importing the repository’s GPG key using the following curl command:
curl https://downloads.plex.tv/plex-keys/PlexSign.key | sudo apt-key add -
Add the Plex APT repository to your system’s software repository list by issuing:
echo deb https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb public main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/plexmediaserver.list
Once the Plex repository is enabled, update the apt package list and install the latest version of the Plex Media Server with: Continue reading “Install Plex on Ubuntu 18.04” »
Step 1 »Before installation assign a static ip and add a host entry for your domain to that IP in the /etc/hosts file like below.
192.168.0.15 tweenpath.net
Step 2 » Issue the below command to install postfix
[root@mail ~]# yum -y install postfix
Step 3 » Now issue the below command to install SMTP AUTH packages .
[root@mail ~]# yum -y install cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-devel cyrus-sasl-gssapi cyrus-sasl-md5 cyrus-sasl-plain
Postfix package installation is completed .
Step 4 » Issue the below commands one by one for creating SSL Cert.
[root@mail ~]# mkdir /etc/postfix/ssl [root@mail ~]# cd /etc/postfix/ssl/ [root@mail ssl]# openssl genrsa -des3 -rand /etc/hosts -out smtpd.key 1024 [root@mail ssl]# chmod 600 smtpd.key [root@mail ssl]# openssl req -new -key smtpd.key -out smtpd.csr [root@mail ssl]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in smtpd.csr -signkey smtpd.key -out smtpd.crt [root@mail ssl]# openssl rsa -in smtpd.key -out smtpd.key.unencrypted [root@mail ssl]# mv -f smtpd.key.unencrypted smtpd.key [root@mail ssl]# openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
Step 4 » Now open /etc/postfix/main.cf file Continue reading “Basic Email Server with Postfix, Dovecot and Squirrelmail on CentOS 6” »
Step 1 » Create a new file webmin.repo in /etc/yum.d/ and add the below code.
[Webmin] name=Webmin Distribution Neutral #baseurl=http://download.webmin.com/download/yum mirrorlist=http://download.webmin.com/download/yum/mirrorlist enabled=1
Step 2 » Install webmin GPG key using below command. Continue reading “Install webmin on centos 6” »
Display the Current Hostname
To view the current hostname, enter the following command:
hostnamectl
As you can see in the image above, the current hostname is set to ubuntu1804.localdomain.
Change the Hostname
The following steps outline how to change the hostname in Ubuntu 18.04.
1. Change the hostname using hostnamectl
In Ubuntu 18.04 we can change the system hostname and related settings using the command hostnamectl.
For example, to change the system static hostname to linuxize, you would use the following command: Continue reading “How to Change Hostname on Ubuntu 18.04” »
$ du -h Linux\ Security.mp4
Sample output:
1.1G Linux Security.mp4
As you see, the video file size is 1.1 GiB, which is very large to upload to my google drive. Even though, Google Drive lets users upload files up to 5TB in size, it is really time consuming process. With my low speed Internet connection, I presume it would take more than 30 minutes to upload. I don’t want to wait that much longer. So, what I am going to do is split this file into multiple smaller size files, for example 100 MB each, to make upload process faster.
Now, let us split the above file into multiple smaller files, say for example 100MB each. To do so, run:
$ split -b 100M Linux\ Security.mp4 ls.
Continue reading “Split large file and combine file in Linux” »