Two Default Gateways on One System Rumi, May 21, 2015 Problem Description You have built two or more network cards into one Linux system and each of these cards has its own default gateway. By default, you can only have one default gateway on a system. The case described would lead to asynchronous routing, whereby the router would reject the packets as appropriate. Solution The iproute2 program, which is included in all current Linux distributions and already installed even, as a rule, can be used for the solution of this problem. Normally, a Linux system only has one routing table, in which only one default gateway can make entries. With iproute2, you have the ability to setup an additional routing table, for one thing, and allow this table to be used by the system based on rules, for another. Initial Position We will assume that we have two interfaces: eth0 and eth1. The two networks that should be used are 192.168.0.0/24 and 10.10.0.0/24, whereby the first IP address in each respective network should be the gateway. Under Debian, the initial configuration would appear as follows. /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 # The secondary network interface allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.10.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 Adding a Second Routing Table To add a new routing table, the file, /etc/iproute2/rt_tables must be edited. We will call the routing table “rt2” and set its preference to 1. The named file should then appear as follows. # # reserved values # 255 local 254 main 253 default 0 unspec # # local # #1 inr.ruhep 1 rt2 Configuring the New Routing Table From this point, four commands are needed to achieve our goal. First, the new routing table needs to be populated, which is done using the following command. ip route add 10.10.0.0/24 dev eth1 src 10.10.0.10 table rt2 ip route add default via 10.10.0.1 dev eth1 table rt2 The first command says that the network, 10.10.0.0/24, can be reached through the eth1 interface. The second command sets the default gateway. Routing Rules So that the system knows when to use our new routing table, two rules must be configured. ip rule add from 10.10.0.10/32 table rt2 ip rule add to 10.10.0.10/32 table rt2 These rules say that both traffic from the IP address, 10.10.0.10, as well as traffic directed to or through this IP address, should use the rt2 routing table. Making the Configuration permanent The ip rule and ip route commands will become invalid after a re-boot, for which reason they should become part of a script (for example, /etc/rc.local) that will be executed once the network has been started after booting. For Debian, these command can also be written directly into the /etc/network/interfaces file, which would then appear as follows. iface eth1 inet static address 10.10.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 post-up ip route add 10.10.0.0/24 dev eth1 src 10.10.0.10 table rt2 post-up ip route add default via 10.10.0.1 dev eth1 table rt2 post-up ip rule add from 10.10.0.10/32 table rt2 post-up ip rule add to 10.10.0.10/32 table rt2 More than Two Network Cards or Gateways If there are more than two networks, a routing table can be created for each additional network analogous to the example presented above. Testing the Configuration The following commands can be used to ensure that the rules as well as the routing entries are working as expected. ip route list table rt2 ip rule show Src: https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Two_Default_Gateways_on_One_System Related Administrations Configurations (Linux) Gatewayiptoute
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